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  2. Constructive proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_proof

    Constructive proof. In mathematics, a constructive proof is a method of proof that demonstrates the existence of a mathematical object by creating or providing a method for creating the object. This is in contrast to a non-constructive proof (also known as an existence proof or pure existence theorem), which proves the existence of a particular ...

  3. Intuitionistic logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitionistic_logic

    Intuitionistic logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical logic by more closely mirroring the notion of constructive proof. In particular, systems of intuitionistic logic do not assume the law of the excluded middle and double negation ...

  4. Logical consequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence

    Logical consequence (also entailment) is a fundamental concept in logic which describes the relationship between statements that hold true when one statement logically follows from one or more statements. A valid logical argument is one in which the conclusion is entailed by the premises, because the conclusion is the consequence of the premises.

  5. Proof theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_theory

    Proof theory is a major branch [1] of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively-defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed ...

  6. Syntactic Structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_Structures

    Syntax was recognized as the focal point of language production, in which a finite set of rules can produce an infinite number of sentences. Subsequently, morphology (i.e. the study of structure and formation of words) and phonology (i.e. the study of organization of sounds in languages) were relegated in importance.

  7. Contraposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraposition

    In mathematics, proof by contrapositive, or proof by contraposition, is a rule of inference used in proofs, where one infers a conditional statement from its contrapositive. [15] In other words, the conclusion "if A, then B" is inferred by constructing a proof of the claim "if not B, then not A" instead. More often than not, this approach is ...

  8. Formal proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_proof

    Formal proof. In logic and mathematics, a formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of sentences (known as well-formed formulas when relating to formal language), each of which is an axiom, an assumption, or follows from the preceding sentences in the sequence, according to the rule of inference. It differs from a natural language ...

  9. Validity (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)

    Validity (logic) In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. [1] It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, [2] but to have premises that, if they were ...

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    related to: constructive proof vs non formal claim of evidence definition grammar