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For example, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTI) is known to produce proteins that can kill fungus gnats larvae and some other insects like mosquitos. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 17 ] BTI is a naturally occurring bacteria that has been used for decades—the United States EPA reports that it has no toxicity to humans. [ 20 ]
The larvae develop into pupae and then into adults. Adults live only long enough to reproduce and they may form large mating swarms, often around dusk. The life cycle generally takes 4-5 weeks. [1] The larvae of most gall gnats (Cecidomyiidae), such as the Hessian fly larva, form galls in flowers, leaves, stems, roots or other plant parts. [8]
There are three distinct gnat species, each harmless but annoying: Fungus gnats look like little mosquitoes and do not bite. Fruit flies have big, red eyes, and drain flies are lighter and hairy.
Most fungus gnats (Sciaroidea excluding Cecidomyiidae) live in forests with their larvae occurring in fungi, dead wood and soil. There are some which live in wetlands such as fens . [ 4 ] Several genera of Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae may reach high abundances in damp buildings with wet organic matter.
The larvae of fungus gnats live in the soil where they feed on fungi and organic matter, but they also eat plant roots. The larvae are thin maggots, with a shiny black head and long, whitish-to ...
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The diet of most larvae is exclusively fungal, but some members of this family are predators. [2] Adults do not cause damage to plants, but lay 2 small eggs on the surface of moist soil (5–8 cm). Larvae, translucent, legless worms with a black "head" measuring 8–10 mm, later emerge from the eggs. The mouthparts are gnawing.
Bacillus thuringiensis serotype israelensis (Bti) is a group of bacteria used as biological control agents for larvae stages of certain dipterans. Bti produces toxins which are effective in killing various species of mosquitoes , fungus gnats , and blackflies , while having almost no effect on other organisms.
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