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The Economies of Africa and Asia in the Iinter-war Depression (1989) Davis, Joseph S. The World Between the Wars, 1919–39: An Economist's View (1974) Drinot, Paulo, and Alan Knight, eds. The Great Depression in Latin America (2014) excerpt; Eichengreen, Barry. Golden Fetters: The gold standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1939. 1992 ...
Clay bulla impressed with the seal of Barnamtarra, wife of Lugalanda, ensi (ruler) of Lagash. Early Dynastic III, c. 2400 BC. Found in Telloh (ancient Girsu) Two main types of seals were used in the Ancient Near East, the stamp seal and the cylinder seal. Stamp seals first appeared in 'administrative' contexts in central and northern ...
Sumerian dignitary, Uruk, circa 3300-3000 BCE. National Museum of Iraq. [3] [4] Fragment of a Bull Figurine from Uruk, c. 3000 BCEVotive sculptures in the form of small animal figurines have been found at Uruk, using a style mixing naturalistic and abstract elements in order to capture the spiritual essence of the animal, rather than depicting an entirely anatomically accurate figure.
In the course of the Uruk period, cylinder seals (cylinders engraved with a motif which could be rolled over clay in order to impress a symbol in it) were invented and replaced the simple seals. They were used to seal clay envelopes and tablets, and to authenticate objects and goods, because they functioned like a signature for the person who ...
The Sumerians were great artists. Sumerian artefacts show great detail and ornamentation, with fine semi-precious stones imported from other lands, such as lapis lazuli, marble, and diorite, and precious metals like hammered gold, incorporated into the design. Since stone was rare it was reserved for sculpture.
The materials used to build a Mesopotamian house were similar but not exact as those used today: reeds, stone, wood, ashlar, mud brick, mud plaster and wooden doors, which were all naturally available around the city, [7] although wood was not common in some cities of Sumer. Although most houses were made of mudbrick, mudplaster, and poplar ...
A Sumerian relief of Ur-Nanshe, king of Lagash circa 2500 BCE. This dynasty is dated to the 26th century BC, about the same time as Elam is also mentioned clearly. [22] According to the Sumerian king list, Elam, Sumer's neighbor to the east, held the kingship in Sumer for a brief period, based in the city of Awan.
Sealings with "city seals" from the Uruk III period (c. 3100-2900 BC), were found at Jemdet Nasr. [4] Subsequently another, illicitly excavated, tablet was identified as coming from Tell Uqair (ancient Urum) bearing the same seal at those from Jemdet Nasr. A single sealing, used to seal a door, was also found at Uruk. [5]