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  2. Coin flipping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_flipping

    Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is the practice of throwing a coin in the air and checking which side is showing when it lands, in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes.

  3. Sleeping Beauty problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty_problem

    Imagine tossing a coin, if the coin comes up heads, a green ball is placed into a box; if, instead, the coin comes up tails, two red balls are placed into a box. We repeat this procedure a large number of times until the box is full of balls of both colours. A single ball is then drawn from the box.

  4. Two-up - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-up

    In some games, coins are placed tails (white cross) up. In casino games the coins are placed with opposing (one head, one tail) sides up. Toss the Kip The Spinner hands the kip back to the Ringkeeper before a possibly losing throw, i.e. to retire after a winning throw. Heads Both coins land with the "head" side facing up.

  5. St. Petersburg paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg_paradox

    The St. Petersburg paradox or St. Petersburg lottery [1] is a paradox involving the game of flipping a coin where the expected payoff of the lottery game is infinite but nevertheless seems to be worth only a very small amount to the participants. The St. Petersburg paradox is a situation where a naïve decision criterion that takes only the ...

  6. The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hardest_Logic_Puzzle_Ever

    Boolos provides the following clarifications: [1] a single god may be asked more than one question, questions are permitted to depend on the answers to earlier questions, and the nature of Random's response should be thought of as depending on the flip of a fair coin hidden in his brain: if the coin comes down heads, he speaks truly; if tails ...

  7. Fair coin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_coin

    A fair coin, when tossed, should have an equal chance of landing either side up. In probability theory and statistics, a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials with probability 1/2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin. One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin.

  8. A Penny for Your Thoughts (The Twilight Zone) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Penny_for_Your_Thoughts...

    Mr. Hector B. Poole, resident of the Twilight Zone. Flip a coin and keep flipping it. What are the odds? Half the time it will come up heads, half the time tails. But in one freakish chance in a million, it'll land on its edge. Mr. Hector B. Poole, a bright human coin - on his way to the bank.

  9. Heads or Tails (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heads_or_Tails...

    Heads or Tails, or Testa o croce, or Heads I Win, Tails You Lose, an Italian comedy film; Heads or Tails, or Pismo - Glava, a 1983 drama film by Bahrudin Čengić; Heads or Tails, or Pile ou face, a Canadian film; Heads or Tails, or J'en suis!, a Canadian film; Heads or Tails, an American drama