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In a parliamentary republic, the head of government is selected or nominated by the legislature and is also accountable to it. The head of state is usually called a president and (in full parliamentary republics) is separate from the head of government, serving a largely apolitical, ceremonial role. In these systems, the head of government is ...
[47]: 43 Xi states, "China had experimented with constitutional monarchy, imperial restoration, parliamentary politics, multi-partisan arrangement, presidential system, and others. All diverse political forces came unto the historical stage but none of them had successfully offered 'a correct answer' to the question of national salvation."
With 2,977 members in 2023, it is the largest parliamentary body in the world. [14] Under China's current Constitution, the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature , with the power to legislate, to oversee the operations of the government, and to elect the major officials of state.
The CCP has also used other terms to officially describe China's system of government including "socialist consultative democracy", and whole-process people's democracy. [42] According to the CCP theoretical journal Qiushi , "[c]onsultative democracy was created by the CPC and the Chinese people as a form of socialist democracy. ...
Constitutional monarchy: Also called parliamentary monarchy, the monarch's powers are limited by law or by a formal constitution, [42] [43] usually assigning them to those of the head of state. Many modern developed countries, including the United Kingdom, Norway, Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Spain and Japan, are constitutional monarchy systems.
A movement for increased democracy and liberalization stalled after the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre in 1989. China is a unitary one-party socialist republic led by the CCP. It is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council; the UN representative for China was changed from the ROC to the PRC in 1971.
Since 2021, China has been promoting the idea that it runs a new version of democracy. The concept is to avoid elections but to consult common people on how the country should run.
Dynastic China adopted a constitutional system oscillating between a feudal distribution of power and a centralistic autocracy. The idea of a constitutional monarchy, and a written constitution, became influential towards the end of the 19th century, inspired immediately in large parts by the precedent of the Meiji Constitution in Japan.