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An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order of knights, [1] typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic military orders of the Crusades (c. 1099–1291) and paired with medieval concepts of ideals of chivalry.
The Virgin Mary was venerated by multiple chivalric orders, including the Teutonic Knights, who honored her as their patroness. [45] The medieval development of chivalry, with the concept of the honour of a lady and the ensuing knightly devotion to it, not only derived from the thinking about Mary, but also contributed to it. [46]
Chivalric and/or military orders that could qualify depending on definition. Confraternity of Belchite, "experimental" confraternity of knights founded in 1122 by King Alfonso the Battler of Aragon; Order of Saint Blaise, founded in the 12th century in Armenia to defend the country against the attacks of the Muslims
Commander (Italian: Commendatore; French: Commandeur; German: Komtur; Spanish: Comendador; Portuguese: Comendador), or Knight Commander, is a title of honor prevalent in chivalric orders and fraternal orders. The title of Commander occurred in the medieval military orders, such as the Knights Hospitaller, for a member senior to a Knight ...
Other chivalric orders, such as the military Order of Christ, the Knights of Santiago, or in general, the Orders founded in the context of the Reconquista, only had one Grand Prior who acted as the Orders' Chief-cleric. During the peak of the Orders' influence, the chivalric Grand Priors were considered to be equal in rank with a bishop.
The creation of chivalric orders was fashionable among the nobility in the 14th and 15th centuries, and this is still reflected in contemporary honours systems, including the term order itself. Examples of notable orders of chivalry are: the Order of Saint George, founded by Charles I of Hungary in 1326 [78]
The Iberian Peninsula had multiple factors contributing to the strong chivalric ethos exemplified by Spanish knights. One determinate factor to the strong adoption of chivalric orders in Spain is the Reconquista, in which Christian kingdoms attempted to expel Muslims from the peninsula.
A Central European order in which female members receive the rank of Dame is the Order of Saint George. [5] Since there is no female equivalent to a Knight Bachelor, women are always appointed to an order of chivalry. [6] Women who are appointed to the Order of the Garter or the Order of the Thistle are given the title of Lady rather than Dame. [7]