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A process to apply zinc pyrithione to cotton with washable results was patented in the United States in 1984. [12] Zinc pyrithione is used to prevent microbe growth in polyester. [13] Textiles with applied zinc pyrithione protect against odor-causing microorganisms. Export of antimicrobial textiles reached US$497.4 million in 2015. [14]
The tetragonal high-temperature phase shows a two-dimensional disorder, while the low-temperature phase which is monoclinic is ordered. The molecules are linear with Zn-C bond lengths measuring 192.7(6) pm. [ 3 ] The structure of the gas-phase shows a very similar Zn-C distance of 193.0(2) pm. [ 4 ]
Zinc is a strong reducing agent with a standard redox potential of −0.76 V. Pure zinc tarnishes rapidly in air, rapidly forming a passive layer. The composition of this layer can be complex, but one constituent is probably basic zinc carbonate, Zn 5 (OH) 6 CO 3. [8] The reaction of zinc with water is slowed by this passive layer.
Zinin reaction or Zinin reduction involves reduction of nitro aromatic compounds to the amines using sodium sulfide. [1] It is used to convert nitrobenzenes to anilines . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The reaction selectively reduces nitro groups in the presence of other easily reduced functional groups (e.g., aryl halides and C=C bonds) are present in the molecule.
The reaction produces a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol via a 1,2-addition. The Barbier reaction is advantageous because it is a one-pot process: the organozinc reagent is generated in the presence of the carbonyl substrate. Organozinc reagents are also less water sensitive, thus this reaction can be conducted in water.
Zinc dust was then stirred in, reducing the oxime group to the amine. This reduction consumes two equivalents of zinc and four equivalents of acetic acid. Knorr 1886 synthesis. Modern practice is to add the oxime solution resulting from the nitrosation and the zinc dust gradually to a well-stirred solution of ethyl acetoacetate in glacial ...
The reaction is named after its co-discoverer, John E. McMurry. The McMurry reaction originally involved the use of a mixture TiCl 3 and LiAlH 4, which produces the active reagents. Related species have been developed involving the combination of TiCl 3 or TiCl 4 with various other reducing agents, including potassium, zinc, and magnesium.
The Charette modification replaces the CH 2 I 2 normally found in the Simmons–Smith reaction with aryldiazo compounds, such as phenyldiazomethane, in Pathway A. [30] Upon treatment with stoichiometric amounts of zinc halide, an organozinc compound similar to the carbenoid discussed above is produced. This can react with almost all alkenes and ...