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Enforcement of Ohio's Black Laws appear to have been generally episodic and arbitrary, lightly enforced on the whole, but occasionally used to threaten and intimidate black residents of the state. In 1818 Wayne Township, where Portsmouth was located at the time, the township's constable was paid $4.18 to warn out blacks and mulattos.
Ohio was a destination for escaped African Americans slaves before the Civil War. In the early 1870s, the Society of Friends members actively helped former black slaves in their search of freedom. The state was important in the operation of the Underground Railroad .
Ohio: A History of the Buckeye State (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), 544pp; Knepper, George W. Ohio and Its People. Kent State University Press, 3rd edition 2003, ISBN 0-87338-791-0; Murdock, Eugene C. and Jeffrey Darbee. Ohio: The Buckeye State, An Illustrated History (2007). popular; Roseboom, Eugene H.; Weisenburger, Francis P. A History of Ohio ...
In the United States before 1865, a slave state was a state in which slavery and the internal or domestic slave trade were legal, while a free state was one in which they were prohibited. Between 1812 and 1850, it was considered by the slave states to be politically imperative that the number of free states not exceed the number of slave states ...
The Cincinnati race riots of 1829 were triggered by competition for jobs between Irish immigrants and native blacks and former slaves, in Cincinnati, Ohio [1] but also were related to white fears given the rapid increases of free and fugitive blacks in the city during this decade, particularly in the preceding three years.
Many local anti-slavery societies were founded. in April 1835 an Ohio Anti-slavery Society was formed, at whose initial meeting in Putnam, Ohio (today Zanesville), both Rankin and Weld played key roles. [17] On his way home, Rankin had his first real experience with mob opposition to his efforts, as he was showered with rotten eggs.
Situated across the Ohio River from the southern border state of Kentucky, which allowed slavery, while slavery was illegal in Ohio, Cincinnati was a natural destination or part of a northerly route for people escaping slavery. Anti-slavery tracts and newspapers were published in Cincinnati to send to the South.
The Ohio Anti-Slavery Society was originally created as an auxiliary of the American Anti-Slavery Society. [2] Its first meeting took place in Putnam, Ohio, in April of 1835, [3] and gathered delegates from 25 counties, along with four corresponding members from other states, William T. Allan, James G. Birney, James A. Thome and Ebenezer Martin. [4]