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When lactose intolerance is due to secondary lactase deficiency, treatment of the underlying disease may allow lactase activity to return to normal levels. [6] In people with celiac disease, lactose intolerance normally reverts or improves several months after starting a gluten-free diet, but temporary dietary restriction of lactose may be needed.
Gal-1-P is assumed as to be a toxic agent, since the inhibition of the Galactokinase prevents toxicity in disease's models, [5] [6] although this is controversial for Drosophila models. [7] Phosphate depletion as a consequence of Gal-1-P is also proposed as a mechanism of toxicity in yeast models.
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) results in poor feeding, failure to thrive, chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease, and death. HFI is caused by a deficiency of fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase in the liver, kidney cortex and small intestine. Infants and adults are asymptomatic unless they ingest fructose or sucrose.
Lactase persistence or lactose tolerance is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood, allowing the digestion of lactose in milk. In most mammals , the activity of the enzyme is dramatically reduced after weaning . [ 1 ]
The frequency of urges to defecate, the large volume of liquid feces ejected, and the presence of blood, mucus, or pus depends on the pathogen causing the disease. Temporary lactose intolerance can occur, as well. In some occasions, severe abdominal cramps, fever, shock, and delirium can all be symptoms. [2] [14] [15] [16]
Galactosemia is sometimes confused with lactose intolerance, but galactosemia is a more serious condition. Lactose intolerant individuals have an acquired or inherited shortage of the enzyme lactase, and experience abdominal pains after ingesting dairy products, but no long-term effects. In contrast, a galactosemic individual who consumes ...
Some affected children are better able to tolerate glucose and galactose as they get older. [citation needed] Small amounts of glucose in the urine (mild glucosuria) may occur intermittently in this disorder. Affected individuals may also develop kidney stones or more widespread deposits of calcium within the kidneys. [citation needed]
Secondary lactose intolerance results from injury to the small intestine, such as from infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease or other diseases. [43] [44] Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time. [43]