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The Province of Maryland [1] was an English and later British colony in North America from 1634 [2] until 1776, when the province was one of the Thirteen Colonies that joined in supporting the American Revolution against Great Britain. In 1781, Maryland was the 13th signatory to the Articles of Confederation.
In the period following Oliver Cromwell's fall in England, the colony grew and transitioned to a slave economy. It saw the beginnings of industry and urbanization. At the turn of the eighteenth century, King William's War (1689–1697) and Queen Anne's War (1702–1714) brought Maryland into depression again as European demand for tobacco decreased sharply.
According to historical tradition, the first settlers of the Maryland colony purchased the land for their settlement at St. Mary's City from the Yaocomico, who had a settlement in the area. [1] In 1634, Leonard Calvert , the first governor of the Maryland colony, met the Yaocomico along the Potomac below the island the Europeans had named St ...
St. Mary's City is the historic site of the founding of the Colony of Maryland—then called the Province of Maryland—where it served as the colonial capital from 1634 until 1695. [8] [9] The original settlement is the fourth oldest permanent English settlement in the United States. [10]
Dr. Thomas Gerard [note 1] (1608–1673) was a prominent manor owner in colonial Maryland, which was an English and later British colony in North America. [1] Born into a noble Catholic family in England, he arrived Maryland in 1638, and was granted 1,030 acres by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, which he named "Saint Clement’s Manor".
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The Province of Maryland was a proprietary colony, in the hands of the Calvert family, who held it from 1633 to 1689, and again from 1715 to 1776. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1580–1632) is often regarded as the founder of Maryland, but he died before the colony could be organized.
Maryland has been historically prominent to American Catholic tradition because the English colony of Maryland was intended by George Calvert as a haven for English Catholics. Baltimore was the seat of the first Catholic bishop in the U.S. (1789), and Emmitsburg was the home and burial place of the first American-born citizen to be canonized ...