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The East India Company officers lived lavish lives, the company finances were in shambles, and the company's effectiveness in India was examined by the British crown after 1858. As a result, the East India Company lost its powers of government and British India formally came under direct Crown control, with an appointed Governor-General of ...
The first phase of European colonization of Southeast Asia took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Where new European powers competing to gain monopoly over the spice trade, as this trade was very valuable to the Europeans due to high demand for various spices such as pepper , cinnamon , nutmeg , and cloves .
Although these continental European powers were to control various regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they would eventually lose all their territories in India to the British, with the exception of the French outposts of Pondicherry and Chandernagore, the Dutch port in Travancore, and the Portuguese colonies of ...
1599–1614: John Mildenhall, with Richard Newman, reach Agra, India, overland in 1614. 1600–1610: William Adams's boat arrives in Japan where he spends the next 10 years as advisor to the shÅgun Tokugawa Ieyasu. 1602–1607: Bento de Góis, first European to travel overland from India to China.
By the early 16th century, the Age of Sail greatly expanded Western European influence and development of the spice trade under colonialism. European-style colonial empires and imperialism operated in Asia throughout six centuries of colonialism, formally ending with the independence of the Portuguese Empire's last colony Macau in 1999.
Religious zeal played a large role in Spanish and Portuguese overseas activities. While the Pope himself was a political power to be heeded (as evidenced by his authority to decree whole continents open to colonization by particular kings), the Church also sent missionaries to convert the indigenous peoples of other continents to the Catholic faith.
Instead, Dutch India was divided into the governorates Dutch Ceylon and Dutch Coromandel, the commandment Dutch Malabar, and the directorates Dutch Bengal and Dutch Suratte. The Dutch Indies, on the other hand, were the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia ) and the Dutch West Indies (present-day Suriname and the former Netherlands Antilles ).
Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE; by 4500 BCE, settled life had spread, [2] and gradually evolved into the Indus Valley Civilisation, one of three early cradles of civilisation in the Old World, [3] [4] which flourished between 2500 BCE and 1900 BCE in present-day Pakistan and north-western India. Early in the second millennium ...