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The first nine blocks in the solution to the single-wide block-stacking problem with the overhangs indicated. In statics, the block-stacking problem (sometimes known as The Leaning Tower of Lire (Johnson 1955), also the book-stacking problem, or a number of other similar terms) is a puzzle concerning the stacking of blocks at the edge of a table.
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the ladder graph L n is a planar, undirected graph with 2n vertices and 3n – 2 edges. [ 1 ] The ladder graph can be obtained as the Cartesian product of two path graphs , one of which has only one edge: L n ,1 = P n × P 2 .
(i.e. F n is obtained from F n-1 by adjoining a 2 n th root of 2), is an infinite tower. If p is a prime number the p th cyclotomic tower of Q is obtained by letting F 0 = Q and F n be the field obtained by adjoining to Q the p n th roots of unity. This tower is of fundamental importance in Iwasawa theory.
The proposition in probability theory known as the law of total expectation, [1] the law of iterated expectations [2] (LIE), Adam's law, [3] the tower rule, [4] and the smoothing theorem, [5] among other names, states that if is a random variable whose expected value is defined, and is any random variable on the same probability space, then
In the former case, equivalence of two definitions means that a mathematical object (for example, geometric body) satisfies one definition if and only if it satisfies the other definition. In the latter case, the meaning of equivalence (between two definitions of a structure) is more complicated, since a structure is more abstract than an object.
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, an Eilenberg–MacLane space [note 1] is a topological space with a single nontrivial homotopy group. Let G be a group and n a positive integer . A connected topological space X is called an Eilenberg–MacLane space of type K ( G , n ) {\displaystyle K(G,n)} , if it has n -th homotopy group π n ...
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In mathematics, the Rokhlin lemma, or Kakutani–Rokhlin lemma is an important result in ergodic theory.It states that an aperiodic measure preserving dynamical system can be decomposed to an arbitrary high tower of measurable sets and a remainder of arbitrarily small measure.