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The precise origins of the dimensions of US letter-size paper (8.5 × 11 in) are not known. The American Forest & Paper Association says that the standard US dimensions have their origin in the days of manual papermaking, the 11-inch length of the standard paper being about a quarter of "the average maximum stretch of an experienced vatman's arms". [2]
Any space between columns of text is a gutter.) The top and bottom margins of a page are also called "head" and "foot", respectively. The term "margin" can also be used to describe the edge of internal content, such as the right or left edge of a column of text. [3] Marks made in the margins are called marginalia.
Standard paper sizes, such as the international standard A4, also impose limitations on line length: using the US standard Letter paper size (8.5×11"), it is only possible to print a maximum of 85 or 102 characters (with the font size either 10 or 12 characters per inch) without margins on the typewriter. With various margins – usually from ...
It has the height of Canadian P4 paper (215 mm × 280 mm, about 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 11 in) and the width of international A4 paper (210 mm × 297 mm or 8.27 in × 11.69 in), i.e. it uses the smaller value among the two for each side. The table shows how this format can be generalized into an entire format series.
justified—text is aligned along the left margin, with letter-spacing and word-spacing adjusted so that the text falls flush with both margins, also known as fully justified or full justification; centered —text is aligned to neither the left nor right margin; there is an even gap on each side of each line.
A size chart illustrating the ANSI sizes. In 1992, the American National Standards Institute adopted ANSI/ASME Y14.1 Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size and Format, [1] which defined a regular series of paper sizes based upon the de facto standard 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 11 in "letter" size to which it assigned the designation "ANSI A".
Octavo metrics compared to the folio and quarto. Octavo, a Latin word meaning "in eighth" or "for the eighth time", [1] (abbreviated 8vo, 8º, or In-8) is a technical term describing the format of a book, which refers to the size of leaves produced from folding a full sheet of paper on which multiple pages of text were printed to form the individual sections (or gatherings) of a book.
Initially, paper was ruled by hand, sometimes using templates. [1] Scribes could rule their paper using a "hard point," a sharp implement which left embossed lines on the paper without any ink or color, [2] or could use "metal point," an implement which left colored marks on the paper, much like a graphite pencil, though various other metals were used.