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This was also the law of Russia under the Pauline Laws of 1797 and of Luxembourg [citation needed] until absolute primogeniture was introduced on 20 June 2011. There are various versions of semi-Salic law also, although in all forms women do not succeed by application of the same kind of primogeniture as was in effect among males in the family.
These concepts are in use in English inheritance law. The rules may stipulate that eligible heirs are heirs male or heirs general – see further primogeniture (agnatic, cognatic, and also equal). Certain types of property pass to a descendant or relative of the original holder, recipient or grantee according to a fixed order of kinship.
Under the Act of Settlement 1701, the throne of the Kingdom of England was settled on the Electress Sophia of Hanover and the "heirs of her body", this phrase being understood under English common law to imply male-preference primogeniture, [4] meaning that brothers would precede sisters in the line of succession irrespective of order of birth.
The Swedish crown had previously (since 1810) descended according to agnatic primogeniture, meaning that only males could inherit it. [6] Though the change took effect in 1980, its application was backdated so that Crown Princess Victoria , who was born in 1977, became the first in line of succession, replacing her brother, Prince Carl Philip ...
Cognatic primogeniture allows both male and female descendants to succeed, but males are usually given preference. In absolute primogeniture, the eldest child can succeed to the throne regardless of sex; this system was adopted in 2011 by the monarchies in the Commonwealth (though not retrospectively affecting the order of succession). [13]
Absolute primogeniture Belize [7] King Kingdom of Bhutan [8] King: Male primogeniture Brunei Darussalam [9] Sultan: Agnatic primogeniture Kingdom of Cambodia [10] King: Elective and agnatic primogeniture Canada [11] King: Absolute primogeniture Kingdom of Denmark [12] King: Absolute primogeniture Grenada [13] King: Absolute primogeniture ...
Since the adoption of absolute primogeniture by most of the Western European monarchies, examples of female heirs apparent include Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden, Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands, and Princess Elisabeth of Belgium; they are, respectively, the oldest children of Kings Carl XVI Gustaf, Willem-Alexander, and Philippe.
Male-preference cognatic primogeniture was adopted in 1887, though abolished when absolute primogeniture was introduced in 1983. Proximity of blood has been taken into consideration since 1922, when the constitution was changed to limit the line of succession to three degrees of kinship [ 1 ] from the current monarch. [ 2 ]