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  2. Unified Soil Classification System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Soil...

    COARSE-GRAINED SOILS. More than 50% retained on No.200 Sieve Gravels. More than 50% of coarse fraction on No. 4 Sieve Clean Gravels. Less than 5% fines Cu ≥ 4 and 1 ≤ Cc ≤ 3 GW Well-graded gravel Cu < 4 and/or Cc < 1 or Cc > 3 GP Poorly graded gravel Gravels with Fines. More than 12% fines Fines classify as ML or MH GM Silty Gravel

  3. Grain size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_size

    Very coarse soil Large boulder lBo >630 >24.8031 Boulder Bo 200–630 7.8740–24.803 Cobble Co 63–200 2.4803–7.8740 Coarse soil Gravel Coarse gravel cGr 20–63 0.78740–2.4803 Medium gravel mGr 6.3–20 0.24803–0.78740 Fine gravel fGr 2.0–6.3 0.078740–0.24803 Sand Coarse sand cSa 0.63–2.0 0.024803–0.078740 Medium sand mSa

  4. Gravel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel

    ISO 14688 grades gravels as fine, medium, and coarse, with ranges 2–6.3 mm (0.079–0.248 in) for fine and 20–63 mm (0.79–2.48 in) for coarse. One cubic metre of gravel typically weighs about 1,800 kg (4,000 lb), or one cubic yard weighs about 3,000 lb (1,400 kg). Gravel is an important commercial product, with a number of applications.

  5. Soil texture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_texture

    Soil texture is a classification instrument used both in the field and laboratory to determine soil classes based on their physical texture. Soil texture can be determined using qualitative methods such as texture by feel, and quantitative methods such as the hydrometer method based on Stokes' law.

  6. Soil gradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_Gradation

    In soil science, soil gradation is a classification of a coarse-grained soil that ranks the soil based on the different particle sizes contained in the soil. [1] Soil gradation is an important aspect of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering because it is an indicator of other engineering properties such as compressibility , shear strength ...

  7. Tuff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuff

    Tuff is correspondingly divided into coarse tuff (coarse ash tuff) and fine tuff (fine ash tuff or dust tuff). Consolidated tephra composed mostly of coarser particles is called lapillistone (particles 2 mm to 64 mm in diameter) or agglomerate or pyroclastic breccia (particles over 64 mm in diameter) rather than tuff.

  8. Podzol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podzol

    In soil science, podzols, also known as podosols, spodosols, or espodossolos, are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests and also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia.

  9. Silt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt

    Assallay and coinvestigators further divide silt into three size ranges: C (2–5 microns), which represents post-glacial clays and desert dust; D1 (20–30 microns) representing "traditional" loess; and D2 (60 microns) representing the very coarse North African loess. [5]