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Wild brand subtense bar. Another device used in tacheometry to measure distance between the measuring station and a desired point is the subtense bar. [2] This is a rigid rod, usually of a material insensitive to change in temperature such as invar, of fixed length (typically 2 metres (6.6 ft)).
Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point. Connected survey lines form the framework and the directions and lengths of the survey lines are measured with an angle measuring instrument and tape or chain. [2]
A surveyor using a total station A student using a theodolite in field. Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.
In surveying, a baseline is generally a line between two points on the Earth's surface and the direction and/or distance between them. In a triangulation network, at least one distance between two stations needs to be measured to calculate the size of the triangles by trigonometry .
A total station or total station theodolite is an electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement (EDM) to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an on ...
A soldier checks the distance between stakes. Control of alignment and grade during construction may be established through the use of survey stakes. Stakes are generally made of wood in different sizes. Based on the use of the stake they are called alignment stakes, offset stakes, grade stakes, and slope stakes. [5] [6]
A triangulation station, also known as a trigonometrical point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity.
The modern systematic use of triangulation networks stems from the work of the Dutch mathematician Willebrord Snell, who in 1615 surveyed the distance from Alkmaar to Breda, approximately 72 miles (116 kilometres), using a chain of quadrangles containing 33 triangles in all. Snell underestimated the distance by 3.5%.
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