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The Pauline epistles are the thirteen books in the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle.. There is strong consensus in modern New Testament scholarship on a core group of authentic Pauline epistles whose authorship is rarely contested: Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon.
The Pauline epistles are usually placed between the Acts of the Apostles and the catholic epistles (also called the general epistles) in modern editions. Most Greek manuscripts place the general epistles first, [7] and a few minuscules (175, 325, 336, and 1424) place the Pauline epistles at the end of the New Testament.
Pauline Christianity or Pauline theology (also Paulism or Paulanity), [2] otherwise referred to as Gentile Christianity, [3] is the theology and form of Christianity which developed from the beliefs and doctrines espoused by the Hellenistic-Jewish Apostle Paul through his writings and those New Testament writings traditionally attributed to him.
F. C. Baur (1792–1860), professor of theology at Tübingen in Germany, the first scholar to critique Acts and the Pauline Epistles, and founder of the Tübingen School of theology, argued that Paul, as the "Apostle to the Gentiles", was in violent opposition to the original 12 Apostles. Baur considers the Acts of the Apostles were late and ...
There is some support for Paul's authorship of the three "Deutero-Pauline Epistles," Ephesians, Colossians, and 2 Thessalonians. The three Pastoral epistles – First and Second Timothy and Titus, are probably all from one author, [101] but most historical-critical scholars regard them as the work of someone other than Paul. [102] [103]
Deutero-Pauline epistles; may be authentic Epistle to the Ephesians; Epistle to the Colossians; Second Epistle to the Thessalonians; Pastoral epistles; probably not ...
The majority of New Testament scholars hold 1 Thessalonians to be authentic, although a number of scholars in the mid-19th century contested its authenticity, most notably Clement Schrader and F.C. Baur. [13] 1 Thessalonians matches other accepted Pauline letters, both in style and in content, and its authorship is also affirmed by 2 Thessalonians.
Radical criticism is a movement around the late 19th century that, typically, denied authentic authorship of the Pauline epistles.This went beyond the higher criticism of the Tübingen school which (with the exception of Bruno Bauer) held that a core of at least four epistles had been written by Paul of Tarsus in the 1st century.