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An increasing trend has been seen in India with how many households have toilet facilities. Although the Indian government has built more toilets, Indians do not necessarily use them, and continue to openly defecate [5] [6] [7] for a variety of reasons - poor quality or non-functioning toilets, reluctance to deviate from cultural norms, poverty, and government corruption.
These four states together contain two-fifths of India's rural population and reported high open defecation rates, over 87% in 2016. [4] By 2016, three states/UTs namely Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala had been declared ODF. [5] Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, two states that had declared themselves open defecation-free, are yet to achieve that ...
The Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF has defined improved sanitation as follows: flush toilet, [4] connection to a piped sewer system, connection to a septic system, flush/pour-flush to a pit latrine, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet and/or some special ...
A report published by WaterAid stated that India had the highest number of people without access to basic sanitation despite efforts made by the Government of India under the Swachh Bharat Mission. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] About 433 million people, or approximately 33.14% of the population, practiced open defecation in India in 2014, despite having access ...
Between 2014 and 2019, the Government in India claims to have built around 110 million toilets, all across India, due to which the basic sanitation coverage went up from 38.7% in October 2014 to 93.3% in 2019. [32] [33] [34] For years, most Indians depended on on-site sanitation facilities which means mainly pit latrines in rural areas. The ...
Inspired by the Clean India Mission, a robot named Swachh Bot was built by a maker community in Chennai to clean the waste on Besant Nagar beach. [23] [77] More than 10 lakh toilets in India have been decorated with Clean India Project messages as part of Ministry of Water and Sanitation's (MoDW&S) 'Clean Beautiful Toilet Contest'. [78]
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The national average HDI for India in 2008 was 0.467. [1] By 2010, its average HDI had risen to 0.519. [2] [3] UNDP, the sponsor of the Human Development Index methodology since 1990, reported India's HDI to be 0.554 for 2012, [4] an 18% increase over its 2008 HDI. The United Nations declared India's HDI to be 0.586 in 2014, [5] a 5.77% ...