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Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. [9] It has also been used for alcohol dependence and essential tremor. [9] For epilepsy, this includes treatment for generalized or focal seizures. [10] It is taken orally (by mouth). [9]
In focal onset aware seizures, a small part of one of the lobes may be affected and the person remains conscious. This can often be a precursor to a larger focal onset impaired awareness seizure; in such cases, the focal aware seizure is usually called an aura. A focal impaired awareness seizure affects a larger part of the hemisphere and the ...
The epileptic seizure in the vast majority of pediatric epilepsy patients is ephemeral, and symptoms typically subside on their own after the seizure comes to an end, but some children experience what is known as a “seizure cluster," in which the first seizure is followed by a second episode approximately six hours later.
It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries. [8] In the developed world, it is commonly used to treat seizures in young children, [9] while other medications are generally used in older children and adults. [10] It is also used for veterinary purposes. [11]
These enzyme inducing drugs make hormonal contraception less effective, and this is particularly hazardous if the anti-seizure medication is associated with birth defects. [189] Potent enzyme-inducing anti-seizure medications include carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and rufinamide.
Levetiracetam has not been found to be useful for treatment of neuropathic pain, [26] nor for treatment of essential tremors. [27] Levetiracetam has not been found to be useful for treating all developmental disorders within the autism spectrum; [28] [29] studies have only proven to be an effective treatment for partial, myoclonic, or tonic-clonic seizures associated with autism spectrum disorder.
Approved by the FDA in 2019 for treatment of epilepsy in adults, cenobamate is primarily used to treat patients with focal onset seizures. The mechanism of action of this drug is unclear, but is likely related to the inactivation of Na Channels and action as a GABA modulator. The dosing range for this drug is anywhere from 100-400 mg with a ...
Although children with benign infantile epilepsy typically have a normal EEG between seizures, some infants have been found to have a characteristic abnormal EEG during sleep. Called benign infantile focal epilepsy with midline spikes and waves during sleep, these infants have few seizures and there may often be a family history. [4]