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Suharto[b][c] (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military officer and the second President of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto led Indonesia as an authoritarian regime from 1967 until his resignation in 1998 following nationwide unrest. [3][4][5] His 31-year dictatorship is ...
e. Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was the second President of Indonesia, having held the office for 31 years from 1967 following Sukarno's removal until his resignation in 1998. Suharto was born in a small village, Kemusuk, in the Godean area near Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era. [1] He grew up in humble circumstances. [2]
B. J. Habibie. Aachen University (Dipl.-Ing. and Dr.-Ing.) Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (Indonesian: [baxaˈrudːin ˈjusuf haˈbibi] ⓘ, 25 June 1936 – 11 September 2019) was an Indonesian politician, engineer and scientist who served as the third president of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999. Less than three months after his inauguration as the ...
v. t. e. Suharto resigned as President of Indonesia on 21 May 1998 following the collapse of support for his 32-year long presidency. Vice President B. J. Habibie took over the presidency. Suharto's grip on power weakened following severe economic and political crises stemming from the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
Raden Ayu Siti Hartinah (23 August 1923 – 28 April 1996), also known as Siti Hartinah Soeharto or Tien Soeharto, [a] was the First Lady of Indonesia from 1967 until 1996. She was the wife of second Indonesian president, Suharto. Known as Ibu Tien in Indonesia, she was widely acknowledged to have been politically powerful, and a close ...
The five tenets of Pancasila. Single principle of Pancasila (Asas tunggal Pancasila) was a policy enacted by the New Order regime under President Soeharto starting 1983 compelling political parties and public organisations to declare the national ideology of " Pancasila, as their one and only ideological basis ". [nb 1]
Sukarno[d][e] (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) [5] was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement ...
Mohammad Natsir (17 July 1908 – 6 February 1993) [1] was an Islamic scholar and politician. He was Indonesia's fifth prime minister. After moving to Bandung from his hometown Solok, West Sumatra for senior high school, Natsir studied Islamic doctrine extensively. His first articles were published in 1929, and during the 1930s he wrote for ...