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The majority of neonatal cases (90%) result from applying a vacuum to the head at delivery (ventouse-assisted delivery).The vacuum assist ruptures the emissary veins (i.e., connections between dural sinus and scalp veins) leading to accumulation of blood under the aponeurosis of the scalp muscle and superficial to the periosteum.
Epicranial aponeurosis. Muscles of the head, face, and neck. (Epicranial aponeurosis visible at top labeled 1.) The epicranial aponeurosis (aponeurosis epicranialis, galea aponeurotica) is an aponeurosis (a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue). It covers the upper part of the skull in humans and many other animals.
The scalp is the area of the head where head hair grows. It is made up of skin, layers of connective and fibrous tissues, and the membrane of the skull. Anatomically, the scalp is part of the epicranium, a collection of structures covering the cranium. The scalp is bordered by the face at the front, and by the neck at the sides and back.
Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency because the buildup of blood within the skull can lead to increases in intracranial pressure, which can crush delicate brain tissue or limit its blood supply. Severe increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) can cause brain herniation, in which parts of the brain are squeezed past structures ...
Specialty. Emergency medicine. A hematoma, also spelled haematoma, or blood suffusion is a localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery [1] and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries. A hematoma is benign and is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues ...
Black eye. A periorbital hematoma, commonly called a black eye or a shiner (associated with boxing or stick sports such as hockey), is bruising around the eye commonly due to an injury to the face rather than to the eye. The name refers to the dark-colored bruising which is the result of accumulated blood and fluid in the loose areolar tissue ...
Bleeding. Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. [1] Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull. [4] When this condition occurs in the spinal canal, it is known as a spinal epidural hematoma. [4] There may be loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of ...