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Martian lava tubes are volcanic caverns on Mars that are believed to form as a result of fast-moving, basaltic lava flows associated with shield volcanism. [1] Lava tubes usually form when the external surface of the lava channels cools more quickly and forms a hardened crust over subsurface lava flows. [2]
Latin – Arsia Silva – classical albedo feature name. Arsia Mons / ˈɑːrsiə ˈmɒnz / is the southernmost of three volcanoes (collectively known as Tharsis Montes) on the Tharsis bulge near the equator of the planet Mars. To its north is Pavonis Mons, and north of that is Ascraeus Mons. The tallest volcano in the Solar System, Olympus ...
Caves of Mars Project. THEMIS image of probable cave entrances on Arsia Mons. The pits have been informally named (A) Dena, (B) Chloe, (C) Wendy, (D) Annie, (E) Abby (left) and Nikki, and (F) Jeanne. The Caves of Mars Project was an early 2000s program funded through Phase II [clarification needed] by the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts [1 ...
Valles Marineris (/ ˈ v æ l ɪ s m ær ɪ ˈ n ɛər ɪ s /; [1] Latin for Mariner Valleys, named after the Mariner 9 Mars orbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. [2]
Tholus — small dome-shaped mountain or hill. plural tholi — group of (usually not contiguous) small mountains. Dorsum — long low range. Name type not present on Mars. plural dorsa. Patera — dish-shaped depressions on volcano peaks; not very high compared to diameter. plural paterae.
The Mars Global Cave Candidate Catalog (MGC3) provides latitude and longitude coordinates, feature type, priority (confidence) rating, and a brief comment about each candidate. Types of cave entrances identified in the catalog include lava tube skylights, deep fractures, Atypical Pit Craters (APCs), and other void spaces in karst-similar terrains.
A Mars habitat may need to focus on keeping a certain type of plant alive, for example, as part of supporting its inhabitants. [15] NASA's Caves of Mars study suggested the following food and food production characteristics: [15] Rapid growth; survival in low light; wide pH range; high nutrition; minimal waste
In March 2008, Lee Berger of the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, undertook an exploration project in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage site outside of Johannesburg, in order to map the known caves identified by him and his colleagues over the past several decades, and to place known fossil sites onto Google Earth so that information could be shared with colleagues. [1]