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The mkdir (make directory) command in the Unix, DOS, DR FlexOS, [1] IBM OS/2, [2] Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS [3] operating systems is used to make a new directory. It is also available in the EFI shell [4] and in the PHP scripting language. In DOS, OS/2, Windows and ReactOS, the command is often abbreviated to md.
Copies a file or directory dd: Copies and converts a file df: Shows disk free space on file systems dir: Is exactly like "ls -C -b". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.) dircolors: Set up color for ls: install: Copies files and set attributes ln: Creates a link to a file ls: Lists the files in a directory mkdir ...
A related ambiguity arises when a filename is moved to an existing directory. By default, mv would handle this as one trying to move a name inside this directory. GNU mv has a -T switch for disabling this assumption and try to overwrite the directory instead. An inverse -t makes the move-to-directory operation explicit. [4]
A directory whose "sticky bit" is set becomes a directory in which the deletion of files is restricted. A file in a sticky directory may only be removed or renamed by a user if the user has write permission for the directory and the user is the owner of the file, the owner of the directory, or the super-user.
The POSIX directory listing application, ls, denotes symbolic links with an arrow after the name, pointing to the name of the target file (see following example), when the long directory list is requested (-l option). When a directory listing of a symbolic link that points to a directory is requested, only the link itself will be displayed.
[8] /tmp: Directory for temporary files (see also /var/tmp). Often not preserved between system reboots and may be severely size-restricted. /usr: Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of user utilities and applications. Should be shareable and read-only. [9] [10] /usr/bin
The top-most directory in such a filesystem, which does not have a parent of its own, is called the root directory. The freedesktop.org media type for directories within many Unix-like systems – including but not limited to systems using GNOME , KDE Plasma 5 , or ROX Desktop as the desktop environment – is "inode/directory". [ 2 ]
If pushd is not provided with a path argument, in Unix it instead swaps the top two directories on the stack, which can be used to toggle between two directories. The popd command removes (or 'pops', in the stack analogy) the current path entry from the stack and returns to the path at the top of the stack as the new working directory. [4] [5]