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R is the specific gas constant = 287.053 J/(kg K) T is the absolute temperature in kelvins = 288.15 K at sea level, g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.806 65 m/s 2 at sea level, P is the pressure at a given point at elevation z in Pascals, and; P 0 is pressure at the reference point = 101,325 Pa at sea level.
= specific heat of air at constant pressure, [MJ kg −1 °C −1], = ratio molecular weight of water vapor/dry air = 0.622. Both and are constants. Since atmospheric pressure, P, depends upon altitude, so does .
In the case of a ship, for instance, its weight is balanced by pressure forces from the surrounding water, allowing it to float. If more cargo is loaded onto the ship, it would sink more into the water – displacing more water and thus receive a higher buoyant force to balance the increased weight.
q = 1 / 2 ρv 2 is dynamic pressure, h = z + p / ρg is the piezometric head or hydraulic head (the sum of the elevation z and the pressure head) [11] [12] and; p 0 = p + q is the stagnation pressure (the sum of the static pressure p and dynamic pressure q). [13] The constant in the Bernoulli equation can be normalized.
In fact the specific weight of water is 9.8 kN/m 3 and the specific weight of mercury is 133 kN/m 3. So, for any particular measurement of pressure head, the height of a column of water will be about [133/9.8 = 13.6] 13.6 times taller than a column of mercury would be. So if a water column meter reads "13.6 cm H 2 O", then an equivalent ...
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Constant-pressure simulations are useful for determining the equation of state of a pure system. Monte Carlo simulations using the N p T {\displaystyle NpT} -ensemble are particularly useful for determining the equation of state of fluids at pressures of around 1 atm, where they can achieve accurate results with much less computational time ...
"The majority of the adult body is water, up to 60% of your weight," says Schnoll-Sussman, adding that the average person's weight can fluctuate one to five pounds per day due to water.