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Red Tide caused by dinoflagellates. Picture taken off the coast of San Diego, California. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) is caused by the consumption of brevetoxins, which are marine toxins produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (among several others). These toxins can produce a series of gastrointestinal and neurological effects.
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) bloom on Lake Erie (United States) in 2009. These kinds of algae can cause harmful algal bloom. A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, water deoxygenation, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means.
PSP can be fatal in extreme cases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals; children are known to be more susceptible. [citation needed] Most shellfish can store saxitoxin for several weeks after a harmful algal bloom passes, but some, such as butter clams, can store the toxin for up to two years. [10]
The algae poses a threat to both marine and human life. People should avoid swimming in water around the blooms because toxins that may be present could lead to a host of illnesses.
In marine environments, HABs are mostly caused by dinoflagellates, [31] though species of other algae taxa can also cause HABs (diatoms, flagellates, haptophytes and raphidophytes). [32] Marine dinoflagellate species are often toxic, but freshwater species are not known to be toxic. Neither are diatoms known to be toxic, at least to humans. [33]
Waterborne diseases were once wrongly explained by the miasma theory, the theory that bad air causes the spread of diseases. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] However, people started to find a correlation between water quality and waterborne diseases, which led to different water purification methods, such as sand filtering and chlorinating their drinking water.
People with a first degree relative with bipolar disorder or other psychiatric disorders are at greater risk of having bipolar, but a direct genetic link has not been found. Bipolar disorder ...
The Department of Water Resources has issued a caution advisory warning residents to avoid Silverwood Lake, due to harmful cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae.