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It contains the 10,000-year-old remains of up to 600 bison. [2] Open seasonally, the site features a visitor center with interpretive exhibits and views of the bones. Guided tours are available. [3] The Bison Trail to Toadstool Geologic Park is a 3-mile hike. Part of the site is protected by a building
The Olsen–Chubbuck Bison kill site is a Paleo-Indian site that dates to an estimated 8000–6500 B.C. and provides evidence for bison hunting and using a game drive system, long before the use of the bow and arrow or horses. [1] The site holds a bone bed of nearly 200 bison that were killed, butchered, and consumed by Paleo-Indian hunters.
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However, through further examination of the bone bed, signs of mass killings were found as a result. It was included that, "Traditional methods of communal bison hunting included three primary techniques: (1) impounding bison in pounds, (2) driving bison to trap or jump locations, and (3) surrounding bison in a surround". [2]
One indication of how frequented the site was is the bone bed, which extends along the entire length of the cliff [15] [29] and is 13 feet (4.0 m) deep. [15] [21] An archeological estimate based on the number of bones at the site indicates that at least 6,000 bison died there. [19]
A bone bed is any geological stratum or deposit that contains bones of whatever kind. Inevitably, such deposits are sedimentary in nature. Not a formal term, it tends to be used more to describe especially dense collections such as Lagerstätte .
A Folsom projectile point. Folsom points are projectile points associated with the Folsom tradition of North America.The style of tool-making was named after the Folsom site located in Folsom, New Mexico, where the first sample was found in 1908 by George McJunkin within the bone structure of an extinct bison, Bison antiquus, an animal hunted by the Folsom people. [1]
The kill site represents approximately 200–300 years of repeated bison kills by protohistoric and historic Southern High Plains peoples. The original drainage was slowly filled, in part by the trapping of sediment by the bones. More recent overgrazing caused erosion producing the current Garnsey Arroyo and exposed the bones in the arroyo ...