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The motion of a bouncing ball obeys projectile motion. [2] [3] Many forces act on a real ball, namely the gravitational force (F G), the drag force due to air resistance (F D), the Magnus force due to the ball's spin (F M), and the buoyant force (F B). In general, one has to use Newton's second law taking all forces into account to analyze the ...
Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or particle (a projectile) that is projected in a gravitational field, such as from Earth's surface, and moves along a curved path (a trajectory) under the action of gravity only.
A projectile is any object projected into space (empty or not) by the exertion of a force. Although any object in motion through space (for example a thrown baseball) is a projectile, the term most commonly refers to a weapon. [8] [9] Mathematical equations of motion are used to analyze projectile trajectory. [citation needed]
Example photo of the over-penetration of a fragmenting projectile. This class of projectile is designed to break apart on impact whilst being of a construction more akin to that of an expanding bullet. Fragmenting bullets are usually constructed like the hollow-point projectiles described above, but with deeper and larger cavities.
In projectile motion the most important force applied to the ‘projectile’ is the propelling force, in this case the propelling forces are the muscles that act upon the ball to make it move, and the stronger the force applied, the more propelling force, which means the projectile (the ball) will travel farther. See pitching, bowling.
A projectile following a ballistic trajectory has both forward and vertical motion. Forward motion is slowed due to air resistance, and in point mass modeling the vertical motion is dependent on a combination of the elevation angle and gravity. Initially, the projectile is rising with respect to the line of sight or the horizontal sighting plane.
In addition its primary uses of measuring the velocity of a projectile or the recoil of a gun, the ballistic pendulum can be used to measure any transfer of momentum. For example, a ballistic pendulum was used by physicist C. V. Boys to measure the elasticity of golf balls , [ 2 ] and by physicist Peter Guthrie Tait to measure the effect that ...
Some energy is lost in deforming the projectile and causing it to spin. There are also frictional losses between the projectile and the barrel. The projectile, as it travels down the barrel, compresses the air in front of it, which adds resistance to its forward motion. [1] The breech and the barrel must resist the high-pressure gases without ...