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Charles Messier. The first edition of 1774 covered 45 objects (M1 to M45).The total list published by Messier in 1781 contained 103 objects, but the list was expanded through successive additions by other astronomers, motivated by notes in Messier's and Méchain's texts indicating that at least one of them knew of the additional objects.
Binary star system: Brightest night star −0.74 Canopus: Star −0.29 [7] Alpha Centauri AB Binary star system Part of a triple star system with Proxima Centauri: −0.05 Arcturus: Star Brightest Population II star 0.03 −0.02 Vega: Star 0.08 0.03 [8] Capella: Quadruple star system: Brightest quadruple star system 0.13 0.05 [9] Rigel ...
At a distance of about 444 light-years, it is among the nearest star clusters to Earth and the nearest Messier object to Earth, being the most obvious star cluster to the naked eye in the night sky. It is also observed to house the reflection nebula NGC 1432, an HII region. [10] Around 2330 BC it marked the vernal point.
Brightest distant galaxy (z > 6, 12.9 billion light-years) Galaxy Cosmos Redshift 7 is reported to be the brightest of distant galaxies (z > 6) and to contain some of the earliest first stars (first generation; Population III) that produced the chemical elements needed for the later formation of planets and life as we know it. [5] [140]
The first list shows a few of the known stars with an estimated luminosity of 1 million L ☉ or greater, including the stars in open cluster, OB association and H II region. The majority of stars thought to be more than 1 million L ☉ are shown, but the list is incomplete. The second list gives some notable stars for the purpose of comparison.
Messier 37 (also known as M37, NGC 2099, or the Salt and Pepper Cluster) is the brightest and richest open cluster in the constellation Auriga. It was discovered by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna before 1654. M37 was missed by French astronomer Guillaume Le Gentil when he rediscovered M36 and M38 in 1749.
One has been found to be a binary star with a pulsar companion, PSR B1620−26 and a planet orbiting it with a mass of 2.5 times that of Jupiter (M J). [12] One star in Messier 4 was also found to have much more of the rare light element lithium than expected. [13] CX-1 Is located in M4. It is known as a possible millisecond pulsar/neutron star ...
Main stars: 5: Bayer/Flamsteed stars: 17: Stars with planets: 12: Stars brighter than 3.00 m: 0: Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly) 1: Brightest star: α Lac (3.76 m) Messier objects: 0: Bordering constellations: Andromeda Cassiopeia Cepheus Cygnus Pegasus: Visible at latitudes between +90° and −40°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the ...