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A v-optimal histogram is based on the concept of minimizing a quantity which is called the weighted variance in this context. [1] This is defined as = =, where the histogram consists of J bins or buckets, n j is the number of items contained in the jth bin and where V j is the variance between the values associated with the items in the jth bin.
In robotics, Vector Field Histogram (VFH) is a real time motion planning algorithm proposed by Johann Borenstein and Yoram Koren in 1991. [1] The VFH utilizes a statistical representation of the robot's environment through the so-called histogram grid, and therefore places great emphasis on dealing with uncertainty from sensor and modeling errors.
[2] It is possible to use histogram matching to balance detector responses as a relative detector calibration technique. It can be used to normalize two images, when the images were acquired at the same local illumination (such as shadows) over the same location, but by different sensors, atmospheric conditions or global illumination.
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The data shown is a random sample of 10,000 points from a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. The data used to construct a histogram are generated via a function m i that counts the number of observations that fall into each of the disjoint categories (known as bins ).
Type 1: Stable and centered over burning area. Type 2: Stable or transient, downwind of burning area. Type 3: Steady or transient, centered over an open area adjacent to an asymmetric burning area with wind. There is evidence suggesting that the fire whirl in the Hifukusho-ato area, during the 1923 Great KantÅ earthquake, was of type 3. [15]
The Littrow configuration is a special geometry in which the blaze angle is chosen such that diffraction angle and incidence angle are identical. [1] For a reflection grating, this means that the diffracted beam is back-reflected into the direction of the incident beam (blue beam in picture). The beams are perpendicular to the step and ...
The invention of the telegraph in 1837 made it possible to gather weather information from multiple distant locations quickly enough to preserve its value for real-time applications. [3] The Smithsonian Institution developed its network of observers over much of the central and eastern United States between the 1840s and 1860s once Joseph Henry ...