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In probability and statistics, a realization, observation, or observed value, of a random variable is the value that is actually observed (what actually happened). The random variable itself is the process dictating how the observation comes about.
A random experiment is described or modeled by a mathematical construct known as a probability space. A probability space is constructed and defined with a specific kind of experiment or trial in mind. A mathematical description of an experiment consists of three parts: A sample space, Ω (or S), which is the set of all possible outcomes.
Statistical tests are used to test the fit between a hypothesis and the data. [1] [2] Choosing the right statistical test is not a trivial task. [1]The choice of the test depends on many properties of the research question.
In probability theory and statistics, the empirical probability, relative frequency, or experimental probability of an event is the ratio of the number of outcomes in which a specified event occurs to the total number of trials, [1] i.e. by means not of a theoretical sample space but of an actual experiment.
When we repeat an experiment, as the saying goes, we really perform another experiment with a (more or less) similar set of generating conditions. To say that a set of generating conditions has propensity p of producing the outcome E means that those exact conditions, if repeated indefinitely, would produce an outcome sequence in which E ...
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
Frankenstein might look like fantasy to modern eyes, but to its author and original readers there was nothing fantastic about it.
An experiment to find π. Matches with the length of 9 squares have been thrown 17 times between rows with the width of 9 squares. 11 of the matches have landed at random across the drawn lines marked by the green points. 2l · n / th = 2 × 9 × 17 / 9 × 11 ≈ 3.1 ≈ π.