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A tuyere, seen from inside a blast furnace An old tuyere in Nok, Nigeria. A tuyere or tuyère (French pronunciation:; English: / t w iː ˈ j ɛər /) [1] [2] is a tube, nozzle or pipe allowing the blowing of air into a furnace or hearth. [3] Air or oxygen is injected into a hearth under pressure from bellows or a blowing engine or other
Blast chilling is a method of cooling food quickly to a low temperature that is relatively safe from bacterial growth. Bacteria multiply fastest between +8 and +68 °C (46 and 154 °F). Bacteria multiply fastest between +8 and +68 °C (46 and 154 °F).
An evaporative cooler (also known as evaporative air conditioner, swamp cooler, swamp box, desert cooler and wet air cooler) is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. Evaporative cooling differs from other air conditioning systems, which use vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycles.
Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.
Blast furnaces used in the ISP have a more intense operation than standard lead blast furnaces, with higher air blast rates per m 2 of hearth area and a higher coke consumption. [79] Zinc production with the ISP is more expensive than with electrolytic zinc plants, so several smelters operating this technology have closed in recent years. [80]
Cross-breezes work when two windows are opposite of each other. Cross ventilation is a natural phenomenon where wind, fresh air or a breeze enters upon an opening, such as a window, and flows directly through the space and exits through an opening on the opposite side of the building (where the air pressure is lower).
James Beaumont Neilson, previously foreman at Glasgow gas works, invented the system of preheating the blast for a furnace.He found that by increasing the temperature of the incoming air to 149 °C (300 °F), he could reduce the fuel consumption from 8.06 tons of coal to 5.16 tons of coal per ton of produced iron with further reductions at even higher temperatures. [4]
Until the 1820s, the use of cold air was thought to be preferable to hot air for the production of high-quality iron; this effect was due to the reduced moisture in cool winter air. [ 1 ] The discovery by James Beaumont Neilson in about 1825 of the beneficial effects of the hot blast led to the rapid obsolescence of cold blast ironworks in ...