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Fabric "weight" is often specified as mass per unit area, grams per square meter (gsm) or ounces per square yard. It is also sometimes specified in ounces per yard in a standard width for the particular cloth. One gram per square meter equals 0.0295 ounces per square yard; one ounce per square yard equals 33.9 grams per square meter.
Stone slabs require a very heavyweight roof structure, but their weight makes them stormproof. An obsolete roofing material, now used commercially only for building restoration. Collyweston stone slate named after the village of Collyweston; Solar shingle; Metal shakes or shingles. Long life. High cost, suitable for roofs of 3:12 pitch or greater.
A study by Ducker International in 2005 identified the average cost per year of a metal roof to be US$3.2 per square metre ($0.30/sq ft) while single-ply roofs stood at $6.1/m 2 ($0.57/sq ft) and built-up roofing at $4.0/m 2 ($0.37/sq ft).
Area density typically ranges from 1.8 to 2.3 pounds per square foot (8.8–11.2 kg/m 2). Fiberglass shingles gradually began to replace organic felt shingles, and by 1982 overtook them in use. Widespread hurricane damage in Florida during the 1990s prompted the industry to adhere to a 1700-gram tear value on finished asphalt shingles.
Scratches, represented by triangular-shaped grooves, make the surface area greater. Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, [1] (with units of m 2 /kg or m 2 /g). Alternatively, it may be defined as SA per solid or bulk volume [2] [3] (units of m 2 /m 3 or m −1).
The shingles produced in 1939 were sufficient to cover more than 1,000,000 dwellings, assuming an average size of 10 squares per roof. In two surveys of roofing materials in 20 Eastern States, - made during 1938, the kinds of roofing materials on 20,841 dwellings along 4,038 miles of highway were tabulated.
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The square is an Imperial unit of area that is used in the construction industry in the United States and Canada, [1] and was historically used in Australia. One square is equal to 100 square feet . Examples where the unit is used are roofing shingles, metal roofing, vinyl siding, and fibercement siding products.
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