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Rule based DFM analysis for forging is the controlled deformation of metal into a specific shape by compressive forces.The forging process goes back to 8000 B.C. and evolved from the manual art of simple blacksmithing.
Strain hardening (work hardening) is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity increases during plastic (permanent) strain, or deformation. This characteristic is what sets ductile materials apart from brittle materials. [ 1 ]
Engineers often use this calculation in tensile tests. The area under this elastic region is known as resilience. Note that not all elastic materials undergo linear elastic deformation; some, such as concrete, gray cast iron, and many polymers, respond in a nonlinear fashion. For these materials Hooke's law is inapplicable. [2]
Forging a nail. Valašské muzeum v přírodě, Czech Republic. Forging is one of the oldest known metalworking processes. [1] Traditionally, forging was performed by a smith using hammer and anvil, though introducing water power to the production and working of iron in the 12th century allowed the use of large trip hammers or power hammers that increased the amount and size of iron that could ...
The strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus ...
Forging temperature is the temperature at which a metal becomes substantially more soft, but is lower than the melting temperature, such that it can be reshaped by forging. [1] Bringing a metal to its forging temperature allows the metal's shape to be changed by applying a relatively small force, without creating cracks.
The formula is based on experimental results by J. B. Johnson from around 1900 as an alternative to Euler's critical load formula under low slenderness ratio (the ratio of radius of gyration to effective length) conditions.
With a compressive load on a test specimen it will become shorter and spread laterally so its cross sectional area increases and the true compressive stress is ´ = / and the engineering stress is = / The cross sectional area and consequently the stress ( ´) are uniform along the length of the specimen because there are no external lateral ...