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The valley has an average altitude of 550 metres (1,800 ft). Sofia is the second highest capital of the European Union (after Madrid) and the third highest capital of Europe (after Andorra la Vella and Madrid). Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not straddle any large river, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides.
Bulgaria is a middle-sized country situated in Southeastern Europe, in the east of the Balkans. Its territory covers an area of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), while land borders with its five neighbouring countries run a total length of 1,808 kilometres (1,123 mi), and its coastline is 354 kilometres (220 mi) long. [ 116 ]
Ottoman Sofia map in 1879 with the 1881 master plan of today's streets superimposed. As already mentioned, Ottoman rule brought major demographic growth for Sofia. As the city became a centre of commercial activity, it grew from a total population of 6,000 (1620s) through 55,000 (middle 17th century) to 70-80,000 (18th century).
See List of extinct countries, empires, etc. and Former countries in Europe after 1815 for articles about countries that are no longer in existence. See List of countries for other articles and lists on countries. Wikimedia Commons includes the Wikimedia Atlas of the World. Entries available in the atlas. General pages
Dymaxion map of the world with the 30 largest countries and territories by area. This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies, ranked by total area, including land and water. This list includes entries that are not limited to those in the ISO 3166-1 standard, which covers sovereign states and dependent territories.
Antarctica Map of island countries: these states are not located on any continent-sized landmass, but they are usually grouped geographically with a neighbouring continent. Determining the boundaries between the continents is generally a matter of geographical convention. Several slightly different conventions are in use.
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The Borgia world map. Africa is at the top of the map, with Europe at the bottom right. Vatican Library, Rome.. Mainly a decoration piece, the Borgia map is a world map made sometime in the early 15th century, and engraved on a metal plate.