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The French Geodesic Mission to the Equator (French: Expédition géodésique française en Équateur), also called the French Geodesic Mission to Peru and the Spanish-French Geodesic Mission, was an 18th-century expedition to what is now Ecuador carried out for the purpose of performing an arc measurement, measuring the length of a degree of latitude near the Equator, by which the Earth's ...
This metal would later be identified as a new chemical element, now known as platinum. [2] Ulloa is therefore often credited as the discoverer of platinum. [3] [4] Map by Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa of the triangulation carried out between Quito and Cuenca by the French Geodesic Mission to the Equator, in 1735–1744.
The placement of the equatorial line was defined throughout a 1736 expedition called the French Geodesic Mission.While such studies would later determine the exact measure and shape of the world, astronomers involved missed the possibility of encountering the remnants of highly sophisticated geographical achievements made on “Equatorial” territory for hundreds of years before their arrival.
Charles Marie de La Condamine (French: [la kɔ̃damin]; 28 January 1701 – 4 February 1774) was a French explorer, geographer, and mathematician.He spent ten years in territory which is now Ecuador, measuring the length of a degree of latitude at the equator and preparing the first map of the Amazon region based on astro-geodetic observations.
In 1736 the French Geodesic Mission led by La Condamine and Jorge Juan y Antonio de Ulloa came to Ecuador in representation of Spain. It is not certainly known if La Condamine stayed at Guachalá, but it is confirmed that part of the Mission recognized the Cayambe Valley and stayed there, establishing Cerro Pambamarca as a reference point.
Pedro Vicente Maldonado y Flores (November 24, 1704 in Riobamba, Royal Audience of Quito (today's Ecuador) – November 7, 1748 in London, England) was an Ecuadorian scientist who collaborated with the members of the French Geodesic Mission. As well as a physicist and a mathematician, Maldonado was an astronomer, topographer, and geographer.
The Toise of Peru had been constructed in 1735 for Bouguer and De La Condamine as their standard of reference in the French Geodesic Mission, conducted in actual Ecuador from 1735 to 1744 in collaboration with the Spanish officers Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa. [130] [122] Gravimeter with variant of Repsold pendulum
The first of these was the French Geodesic Mission, commissioned by the French Academy of Sciences in 1735–1738, involving measurement expeditions to Lapland (Maupertuis et al.) and Peru (Pierre Bouguer et al.). Struve measured a geodetic control network via triangulation between the Arctic Sea and the Black Sea, the Struve Geodetic Arc.
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