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Byzantine administrative nature was characterized by its versatility and unfixed duties in constant role change depending on a specific situation. The vast Byzantine bureaucracy had many titles, more varied than aristocratic and military titles. In Constantinople there were normally hundreds, if not thousands, of bureaucrats at any time.
After 1204, the Byzantine Empire was partitioned into various successor states, with the Latin Empire in control of Constantinople. Following the Fourth Crusade, the Byzantine Empire had fractured into the Greek successor-states of Nicaea, Epirus, and Trebizond, with a multitude of Frankish and Latin possessions occupying the remainder, nominally subject to the Latin Emperors at Constantinople.
Byzantinism, or Byzantism, is the political system and culture of the Byzantine Empire, and its spiritual successors the Orthodox Christian Balkan countries of Greece and Bulgaria especially, and to a lesser extent Serbia and some other Orthodox countries in Eastern Europe like Belarus, Georgia, Russia and Ukraine.
The Byzantine Empire's history is generally periodised from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. From the 3rd to 6th centuries, the Greek East and Latin West of the Roman Empire gradually diverged, marked by Diocletian's (r. 284–305) formal partition of its administration in 285, [1] the establishment of an eastern capital in Constantinople by Constantine I in 330, [n ...
The Byzantine imperial formula was imitated among the Byzantine influenced nations such as Georgia and Balkan states, and later, most notably Russia, beginning with the reign of Ivan III. [9] Ottoman sultan Bayezid II titled himself "By the grace of God, basileus and autokrator of the two continents of Asia and Europe and other possessions". [10]
Once the Roman kings were overthrown, there remained an absolute prohibition for royal establishment in the Roman constitution, a prohibition which formally remained in place during imperial times, [citation needed] both classical Roman and Byzantine. In practice, however, Imperial Rome was a monarchy.
The Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty began in 518 AD with the accession of Justin I. Under the Justinian dynasty, particularly the reign of Justinian I , the empire reached its greatest territorial extent since the fall of its Western counterpart , reincorporating North Africa , southern Illyria , southern Spain , and Italy into the ...
Basil expanded Byzantine control over most of Armenia and his reign is widely considered as the apogee of medieval Byzantium. [77] Constantine VIII Κωνσταντῖνος: 15 December 1025 – 12 November 1028 (2 years, 10 months and 28 days) The second son of Romanos II, Constantine was born in 960 and raised to co-emperor on 30 March 962.