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Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). [5] It is produced by mammalian cells, while interferon beta-1b is produced in modified E. coli. [6] Some research indicates that interferon injections may result in an 18–38% reduction in the rate of MS relapses. [7]
Injectable medications can produce irritation or bruises at injection site. The bruise depicted was produced by a subcutaneous injection. Interferon beta-1b is available only in injectable forms, and can cause skin reactions at the injection site that may include cutaneous necrosis. Skin reactions vary greatly in their clinical presentation. [2]
Interferon beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNB1 gene. [5] The natural and recombinant protein forms have antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Interferon beta 1a (tradenames: Avonex and Rebif) and Interferon beta 1b (tradenames: Betaseron/Betaferon) are used as drugs.
In 1993, interferon beta-1b was the first drug to ever be approved for MS, being soon followed by interferon beta-1a and glatiramer acetate. [ 25 ] Interferon beta-1a is injected either weekly ( intramuscular injection ) or three times a week ( subcutaneous injection ) depending on commercial formulations, [ 26 ] [ 27 ] while interferon beta-1b ...
The superinduced human beta interferon messenger RNA was prepared by Tan's lab for Cetus. to clone the human beta interferon gene in bacteria and the recombinant interferon was developed as 'betaseron' and approved for the treatment of MS. Superinduction of the human beta interferon gene was also used by Israeli scientists to manufacture human ...
Peginterferon beta-1a, sold under the brand name Plegridy, is medication used to treat multiple sclerosis. [4] [5]The most common side effects include headache, muscle pain, joint pain, influenza (flu)-like symptoms, pyrexia (fever), chills, asthenia (weakness), and erythema (reddening of the skin), pain or pruritus (itching) at the injection site.
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16 ...
Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is a class of medication that includes three different drugs as of 2012: [1] Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a; Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b; Pegylated interferon beta-1a [2] In these formulations, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is added to make interferon last longer in the body. [3]