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DPP-4 inhibitors combined with metformin include a sitagliptin/metformin combination (Janumet), [203] [204] a saxagliptin/metformin combination (Kombiglyze XR, Komboglyze), [205] [206] and an alogliptin/metformin combination (Kazano, Vipdomet). [207] [208] Linagliptin combined with metformin hydrochloride is sold under the brand name Jentadueto.
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk .
Whether use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe is unclear. [10] It is in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class and works by increasing the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the pancreas. [8] Sitagliptin was developed by Merck & Co. and approved for medical use in the United States in 2006. [8]
Metformin is a member of the biguanide class, improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Alogliptin, sold under the brand names Nesina and Vipidia, [2] [3] is an oral anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor (gliptin) class. [4] Like other members of the gliptin class, it causes little or no weight gain, exhibits relatively little risk of hypoglycemia, and has relatively modest glucose-lowering activity. [1]
Further, metformin comes in the form of immediate-release tablets, extended-release tablets, and as a liquid. Each type of metformin has different requirements in terms of when and how to take it:
In the United States, sitagliptin/metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. [5] [6]In the European Union, sitagliptin/metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes; in combination with a sulfonylurea as an adjunct to diet and exercise "in people ...
Studies on Rabbits. Similar problems were reported in pregnant rabbits given Ozempic.. Researchers gave rabbits 0.0010mg, 0.0025mg, or 0.0075mg of semaglutide per kilogram of body weight per day.