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The Strowger switch is the first commercially successful electromechanical stepping switch telephone exchange system. It was developed by the Strowger Automatic Telephone Exchange Company founded in 1891 by Almon Brown Strowger. Because of its operational characteristics, it is also known as a step-by-step (SXS) switch.
A commonly told story holds that Strowger believed that his undertaking business was losing clients to a competitor whose wife was a local telephone operator and was preventing telephone calls from being routed to Strowger's business and re-routing them to her husband's business instead, following his discovery in the newspaper that a friend's funeral was being handled elsewhere. [1]
The director telephone system was a development of the Strowger or step-by-step (SXS) switching system used in London and five other large cities in the UK from the 1920s to the 1980s. A large proportion (c. 70% to 80%) of telephone traffic in large metropolitan areas is outgoing traffic, and it is distributed over many exchanges.
Automatic switches based on the Strowger system proliferated in independent telephone companies in the 1910s and 1920s, well before the Bell System started deployment of Panel switch technology in the 1910s. In 1919, the Bell System was impacted considerably by organized operator strikes and the leadership abandoned its rejection of automatic ...
List of the mainly electro mechanical switching systems from Hasler AG Bern, which were used in public telephone network in Switzerland for many decades. Hasler AG finally merged into Ascom in 1987. HS 25 (modified from the Ericsson OL-100 system with double relays and 25-point selector (Ericsson license), mainly used for small villages and ...
The sender concept was developed to meet the needs of large-city telephone switching systems, where the total number of subscriber lines and multiple central offices throughout the city required complex switching arrangements that were not easily handled by the direct control systems, such as the step by step, or Strowger system.
In contrast, direct control systems have subsystems for call control that are an integral part of the switching network. Strowger exchanges are usually direct control systems, whereas crossbar, and electronic exchanges (including all stored program control systems) are common control systems. Common control is also known as indirect control or ...
The BPO selected the Strowger switches for small and medium cities and towns. However, the selection of switching systems for London and other large cities was not decided until the 1920s, when the Director telephone system was adopted. The Director systems used SXS switches for destination routing and number translation facilities similar to ...