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On the eve of World War I, France's colonial empire was the second-largest in the world after the British Empire. France began to establish colonies in the Americas, the Caribbean, and India in the 16th century but lost most of its possessions after its defeat in the Seven Years' War.
The coming of the war, 1914 (2 vol 1930) comprehensive history online vol 1; online vol 2, esp vol 2 ch 20 pp 334–382 Scott, Jonathan French. Five Weeks: The Surge of Public Opinion on the Eve of the Great War (1927) online Archived 2019-07-21 at the Wayback Machine . especially ch 8: "Fear, Suspicion, and Resolution in France" pp 179–206
The Scramble for Africa [a] was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
With the outbreak of the First World War, France withdrew troops for service in Europe, and they lost more than 600 in the Battle of El Herri. Over the following four years, the French retained most of their territory despite the Central Powers ' intelligence and financial support to the Zaian Confederation and continual raids and skirmishes ...
Second World War: France declared war on Germany. 7 September Saar Offensive: 1940 9 May The Battle of France begins. 18 June Charles de Gaulle makes his Appeal of 18 June. 25 June: Second World War: The Second Armistice at Compiègne was put into effect after the French and British armies were heavily defeated in the Battle of France by the
Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's colonies were divided between France, Britain, Belgium, Portugal and South Africa. The former German colonies had gained independence by the 1960s except for South West Africa which gained independence from South Africa in 1990. [113]
In the 19th century, starting with the Occupation of Algeria in 1830, France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia. The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires from 1534 ; 491 years ago ( 1534 ) to the present, either entirely or in part, either under French sovereignty or as ...
In the 19th century, the decline of the Ottoman Empire, which had loosely controlled the area since the 16th century, left the region vulnerable to other forces.In 1830, French troops captured Algiers and from 1848 until independence in 1962, France treated Algeria as an integral part of France, the Métropole or metropolitan France. [2]