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Chance and Necessity: Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology (French: Le Hasard et la Nécessité: Essai sur la philosophie naturelle de la biologie moderne) is a 1970 book by Nobel Prize winner Jacques Monod.
Viability theory started in 1976 by translating mathematically the title of the book Chance and Necessity [3] by Jacques Monod to the differential inclusion ′ (()) for chance and for necessity. The differential inclusion is a type of “evolutionary engine” (called an evolutionary system associating with any initial state x a subset of ...
In 1970, Monod published Le hasard et la nécessité – English translation Chance and Necessity (1971) –, a book based on a series of lectures that he had given at Pomona College in 1969. [18] The book is a short but influential examination of the philosophical implications of modern biology, written for a general readership. [19]
In 1970, Jacques Monod, in Chance and Necessity, an Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology, [6] suggested teleonomy as a key feature that defines life: Rather than reject this [goal-directedness] idea (as certain biologists have tried to do) it is indispensable to recognise that it is essential to the very definition of living beings.
[26] According to Aristotle, once a final "cause" is in place, the material, efficient and formal "causes" follow by necessity. However, he recommends that the student of nature determine the other "causes" as well, [27] and notes that not all phenomena have an end, e.g., chance events. [28]
Toward a New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-89665-9. LCCN 87031892. OCLC 17108004. Monod, Jacques (1971). Chance and Necessity: An Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology.
Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is among the most common gastrointestinal conditions today.It affects some 10% to 15% of people in the U.S., per the American College of Gastroenterology.A ...
In the essay Chance and Necessity (1970) Jacques Monod rejected the role of final causation in biology, instead arguing that a mixture of efficient causation and "pure chance" lead to teleonomy, or merely apparent purposefulness. The Japanese theoretical population geneticist Motoo Kimura emphasises the role of indeterminism in evolution.