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Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on prisoners by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps mainly between 1942 and 1945. There were 15,754 documented victims, of various nationalities and age groups, although the true number is believed to be more extensive.
Aktion T4 (German, pronounced [akˈtsi̯oːn teː fiːɐ]) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia which targeted people with disabilities in Nazi Germany.The term was first used in post-war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. [4]
Ernst-Robert Grawitz (8 June 1899 – 24 April 1945) was a German physician and an SS functionary (Reichsarzt, "Arzt" meaning "physician") during the Nazi era.Grawitz funded Nazi programs involving experimentation on inmates in Nazi concentration camps and was part of the group in charge of the murder of mentally ill and physically disabled people in the Action T4 programme.
After the war, the German Medical Association blamed Nazi atrocities on a small group of 350 criminal doctors. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] During the Doctors' trial , the defense argued that there was no international law to distinguish between legal and illegal human experimentation, [ 4 ] which led to the creation of the Nuremberg Code (1947).
Although Block 10 was in Auschwitz I, a part of the camp mainly used for male political prisoners, the experiments conducted were mostly on women. The main doctors who worked in Block 10 were Carl Clauberg, Horst Schumann, Eduard Wirths, Bruno Weber and August Hirt. Each of them had different methods in doing experiments on the inmates.
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Nazi Germany performed human experimentation on large numbers of prisoners (including children), largely Jews from across Europe, but also Romani, Sinti, ethnic Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, homosexuals and disabled Germans, in its concentration camps mainly in the early 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust.
During the war years, German doctors conducted experiments in concentration camps that were incompatible with medical and human ethics, including determining the limits of the viability of the human body. On November 9, 1946, after the trial of the main war criminals, the Nuremberg Doctors' trial (Ärzteprozess) began. During the process, 1,471 ...