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Schematic view of the different current systems which shape the Earth's magnetosphere. In many MHD systems most of the electric current is compressed into thin nearly-two-dimensional ribbons termed current sheets. [10] These can divide the fluid into magnetic domains, inside of which the currents are relatively weak.
v. t. e. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple. [1] A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, heat is transferred from one side to the other, creating a ...
Fiber optic current sensor, using an interferometer to measure the phase change in the light produced by a magnetic field. Rogowski coil, electrical device for measuring alternating current (AC) or high speed current pulses. Giant Magnetoresistance(GMR): Magnetic field sensor suitable for AC & DC Current with higher accuracy than Hall Effect ...
The Pirani gauge is a robust thermal conductivity gauge used for the measurement of the pressures in vacuum systems. [1] It was invented in 1906 by Marcello Pirani. [2] Marcello Stefano Pirani was a German physicist working for Siemens & Halske which was involved in the vacuum lamp industry. In 1905 their product was tantalum lamps which ...
Current limiting is the practice of imposing a limit on the current that may be delivered to a load to protect the circuit generating or transmitting the current from harmful effects due to a short-circuit or overload. The term "current limiting" is also used to define a type of overcurrent protective device. According to the 2020 NEC/NFPA 70 ...
This voltage output from the sensor's thermopile is initially calibrated in order to relate it to heat flux. A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. [1] It is composed of several thermocouples connected usually in series or, less commonly, in parallel. Such a device works on the principle of the ...
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Ratio meter systems. A ratiometer temperature measuring indicator has two coils. As the sensor bulb resistance varies with temperature, different amounts of current flow through the coils. This produces varying magnetic fields. These fields interact with the magnetic field of a large permanent magnet, resulting in an indication of temperature. [1]