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A pastoral society is a social group of pastoralists, whose way of life is based on pastoralism, and is typically nomadic. Daily life is centered upon the tending of herds or flocks. Daily life is centered upon the tending of herds or flocks.
Horticulture is the art and science of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees and shrubs. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and more controlled scale than agronomy.
A catt of the Bakhtiari people, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran Global map of pastoralism, its origins and historical development [1]. Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. [2]
The Pastoral Neolithic of Africa. The Pastoral Neolithic (5000 BP - 1200 BP) [1] refers to a period in Africa's prehistory, specifically Tanzania and Kenya, marking the beginning of food production, livestock domestication, and pottery use in the region following the Later Stone Age.
A common type of horticulture is slash-and-burn cultivation, wherein regions of wild foliage are cut and burnt, producing nutrient-rich biochar in which to grow crops. Traditional, small-scale slash-and-burn cultivation—such as that practiced by the Guaraní people in South America – can be efficient and sustainable, with the natural ...
Horticulture and agriculture as types of subsistence developed among humans somewhere between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East. [1] The reasons for the development of agriculture are debated but may have included climate change, and the accumulation of food surplus for competitive gift-giving. [2]
As with pastoral societies, surplus food leads to a more complex division of labor. Specialized roles in horticultural societies include craftspeople, shamans (religious leaders), and traders. [38] This role specialization allows horticultural societies to create a variety of artifacts.
Transhumance in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Transhumance is a type of pastoralism or nomadism, a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. . In montane regions (vertical transhumance), it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in wint