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As in other mammals, human thermoregulation is an important aspect of homeostasis. In thermoregulation, body heat is generated mostly in the deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and heart, and in contraction of skeletal muscles. [1] Humans have been able to adapt to a great diversity of climates, including hot humid and hot arid.
One form of homeostasis is thermoregulation. Body temperature varies in every individual, but the average internal temperature is 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). [1] Sufficient stress from extreme external temperature may cause injury or death if it exceeds the ability of the body to thermoregulate.
Children younger than four years old and adults older than 65 are at a higher risk of serious heat illness due to impaired thermoregulation, even at rest, especially in hot and humid conditions without adequate cooling [20] Insufficient access to water, air conditioning, or other cooling methods [1]
Hyperthermia, also known simply as overheating, is a condition in which an individual's body temperature is elevated beyond normal due to failed thermoregulation.The person's body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates.
Aggressiveness of treatment is matched to the degree of hypothermia. [2] Treatment ranges from noninvasive, passive external warming to active external rewarming, to active core rewarming. [16] In severe cases resuscitation begins with simultaneous removal from the cold environment and management of the airway, breathing, and circulation.
Different species have different temperatures of their thermal neutral zones. In dogs, the thermoneutral zone ranges from 20–30 °C (68–86 °F). [9] Domestic cats have a considerably higher thermoneutral zone, ranging between 30 and 38 °C.
ASHRAE Standard 55-2010 states that differences in recent thermal experiences, changes in clothing, availability of control options, and shifts in occupant expectations can change people's thermal responses. [1] Adaptive models of thermal comfort are implemented in other standards, such as European EN 15251 and ISO 7730 standard.
Geriatrics, or geriatric medicine, [1] is a medical specialty focused on addressing the unique health needs of older adults [2] The term geriatrics originates from the Greek γέρων geron meaning "old man", and ιατρός iatros meaning "healer". It aims to promote health by preventing, diagnosing and treating disease in older adults. [3]