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Structure of a typical L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" form. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. [1] Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. [2] Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life ...
An essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized from scratch by the organism fast enough to supply its demand, and must therefore come from the diet. Of the 21 amino acids common to all life forms, the nine amino acids humans cannot synthesize are valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine ...
Appearance. move to sidebarhide. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Amino acids are listed by type: Proteinogenic amino acid. Non-proteinogenic amino acids. Topics referred to by the same term. This disambiguationpage lists articles associated with the title List of amino acids. If an internal linkled you here, you may wish to change the ...
Infobox references. Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H 2 N) (HN)CN (H) (CH 2) 3 CH (NH 2)CO 2 H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO 2−) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation.
It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. [3][4] It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain.
β-alanine, an example of a β-amino acid. The amino group attaches not to the α carbon but to the β-carbon, which in this case is a methylene group.. Beta-peptides (β-peptides) are peptides derived from β-amino acids, in which the amino group is attached to the β-carbon (i.e. the carbon two atoms away from the carboxylate group).
Glycine (symbol Gly or G; [6] / ˈɡlaɪsiːn / ⓘ) [7] is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable). Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). [8]
The L -isomer is used to biochemically form proteins coded for by DNA. Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and the biological pigment melanin. It is encoded by the messenger RNA codons UUU and UUC.