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The Tsardom of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Царство България, romanized: Tsarstvo Bǎlgariya), also known as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom (Bulgarian: Трето Българско Царство, romanized: Treto Bǎlgarsko Tsarstvo), sometimes translated as the Kingdom of Bulgaria, or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 ...
The Tsardom of Bulgaria was the name of the Bulgarian state from Simeon's assumption of the title of Tsar in 913 until the Fatherland Front's foundation of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1946. It occurred in three distinct periods: between the 10th and 11th centuries, again between the 12th and 15th centuries, and finally in the 20th century.
Some historians use the terms Danube Bulgaria, [13] First Bulgarian State, [14] [15] or First Bulgarian Tsardom (Empire). Between 681 and 864 the country is also called by modern historians as the Bulgarian Khanate, [16] or the Bulgar Khaganate, [17] from the Turkic title of khan/khagan borne by its rulers.
The History of Bulgaria (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) (2011) excerpt and text search; complete text Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine; Crampton, R.J. Bulgaria (Oxford History of Modern Europe) (1990) excerpt and text search; also complete text online. Crampton, R.J. A Concise History of Bulgaria (2005) excerpt and ...
Ivan Asen II aspired to make himself the ruler of a joint Bulgarian-Byzantine Empire [55] and his reign saw the Second Bulgarian Empire reach its greatest extent. [3] Defeated the Empire of Thessalonica at the Battle of Klokotnitsa (1230), whereafter much of its territory was annexed and Bulgaria became the most powerful state in southeastern ...
Boris III (Bulgarian: Борѝс III ; Boris Treti; 30 January [O.S. 18 January] 1894 – 28 August 1943), originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver (Boris Clement Robert Mary Pius Louis Stanislaus Xavier), [a] was the Tsar of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1918 until his death in 1943.
Pope Innocent III and other foreigners such as the Latin Emperor Henry mentioned the state as Bulgaria and the Bulgarian Empire in official letters. [14] [15] In modern historiography, the state is called the Second Bulgarian Empire, Second Bulgarian Tsardom, or the Second Bulgarian Kingdom to distinguish it from the First Bulgarian Empire. [16]
Simeon's successful campaigns against the Byzantines, Magyars and Serbs led Bulgaria to its greatest territorial expansion ever, [4] making it the most powerful state in contemporary Eastern and Southeast Europe. [5] His reign was also a period of unmatched cultural prosperity and enlightenment later deemed the Golden Age of Bulgarian culture. [6]