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The following is a chronological overview of the history of the Tamil people, who trace their ancestry to the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the Indian union territory of Puducherry, the Northern and Eastern Provinces of Sri Lanka and the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka.
The region of Tamil Nadu in the southeast of modern India, shows evidence of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE. [1] [2] Throughout its history, spanning the early Upper Paleolithic age to modern times, this region has coexisted with various external cultures.
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[223] [224] In 1578, the Portuguese published a Tamil book in old Tamil script named Thambiraan Vanakkam, thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. [225] Tamil Lexicon , published by the University of Madras between 1924 and 1939, was amongst the first comprehensive dictionaries published in the language.
Tamil dynasties (தமிழ் பேரரசுகள்) are the kingdoms who ruled over present day Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Odisha. These include the Pallavas , the Pandyas , the Cholas and the Cheras .
By far, the most important source of ancient Tamil history is the corpus of Tamil poems, referred to as Sangam literature, generally dated from the last centuries of the pre-Christian era to the early centuries of the Christian era. [2] [3] [4] It consists of 2,381 known poems, with a total of over 50,000 lines, written by 473 poets.
'three' and Tamil: வேந்தர், romanized: vēntar, lit. 'king',. [ 6 ] They are mentioned by Megasthenes and the Edicts of Ashoka , [ 7 ] and first in Tolkappiyam among Tamil literature who was the first to call them Three Glorified by Heaven ( Tamil : வான்புகழ் மூவர் , Vāṉpukaḻ Mūvar ). [ 1 ]
Tamil inscriptions in caves, Mangulam, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, 3rd century BCE. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] There are five caves in the hill of which six inscriptions are found in four caves. [ 16 ] The inscriptions mentions that workers of Nedunchezhiyan I , a Pandyan king of Sangam period, (c. 270 BCE) made stone beds for Jain monks.