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The energy needed to reach Jupiter from an Earth orbit requires a delta-v of about 9 km/s, [9] compared to the 9.0–9.5 km/s to reach a low Earth orbit from the ground. [10]
Entering a Hohmann transfer orbit from Earth to Jupiter from low Earth orbit requires a delta-v of 6.3 km/s, [170] which is comparable to the 9.7 km/s delta-v needed to reach low Earth orbit. [171] Gravity assists through planetary flybys can be used to reduce the energy required to reach Jupiter. [172]
The spacecraft traveled a total distance of roughly 2.8 × 10 ^ 9 km (19 AU; 1.7 × 10 ^ 9 mi) to reach Jupiter. [20] The spacecraft was designed to orbit Jupiter 37 times over the course of its mission. This was originally planned to take 20 months. [4] [5]
NASA's Juno spacecraft captured this view of Jupiter during the mission's 54th close flyby of the giant planet Sept. 7, 2023.
[63] [64] As of June 2024, the probe is estimated to be 137.3 AU (20.5 billion km; 12.8 billion mi) from Earth and 136.3 AU (20.4 billion km; 12.7 billion mi) from the Sun. [65] Sunlight takes 18.9 hours to reach Pioneer 10. The brightness of the Sun from the spacecraft is magnitude −16.0. [65]
It communicates through the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data are provided by NASA and JPL. [4] At a distance of 167.34 AU (25.0 billion km; 15.6 billion mi) from Earth as of February 2025, [4] it is the most distant human-made object from Earth. [5]
Just one day before opposition, Jupiter will be around 367 million miles away from the Earth, the closest the two planets have been in 59 years, according to NASA. The last time that Jupiter was ...
The data collected on Jupiter and its moons were stored in the spacecraft's onboard tape recorder, and transmitted back to Earth during the long apoapsis portion of the probe's orbit using the low-gain antenna. At the same time, measurements were made of Jupiter's magnetosphere and transmitted back to Earth.