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From 1960, the North Vietnamese government went to war with the Republic of Vietnam via its proxy the Viet Cong, in an attempt to annex South Vietnam and reunify Vietnam under a communist party. [60] North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces and supplies were sent along the Ho Chi Minh trail .
The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) [a] is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of North Vietnam in 1954 and then all of Vietnam after the collapse of the South Vietnamese government following the Fall of Saigon in 1975.
Communism in Vietnam is linked to the Politics of Vietnam and the push for independence. Marxism was introduced in Vietnam with the emergence of three communist parties : the Indochinese Communist Party, the Annamese Communist Party, and the Indochinese Communist Union, later joined by a Trotskyist movement led by Tạ Thu Thâu .
The party had some 500,000 members (both north and south). At the 4th Congress in 1976, the Workers' Party of North Vietnam merged with the People's Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam to form the Communist Party of Vietnam. At the time, the party had 1,550,000 members.
North Vietnam left behind in South Vietnam 8,000 to 10,000 covert civilian and military personnel, most of them members of the communist party. [19]: 184 The task of the "stay-behinds" was political activism to ensure a victory for Ho Chi Minh in the national elections called for in 1956 in the Geneva Accords.
The Viet Minh at the time de facto led the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, known as "North Vietnam"; it was a league de facto led by the communists. China at the time was anti-communist and pro-Western, it was led by the Kuomintang.
Socialism in Vietnam, in particular Marxism–Leninism, is the ideological foundation of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) for the development of the country ever since its establishment. [ 1 ] Socialism is one of three major political ideologies formed in the 19th century alongside liberalism and conservatism .
The Chinese Communist Party provided arms, military training and essential supplies to help the communist North defeat the imperialist French colonial empire, capitalist South Vietnam, their ally the United States, and other anti-communists between 1949 and 1975. [23]